Last Update: March 2000
Author: F. A. Leighton
Reviewer: H. Artsob
The following is a list of arboviruses that have been found in vertebrate or arthropod hosts in Canada. The list is taken from the following publication:
Artsob, H. 1990. Arbovirus activity in Canada. Archives of Virology. Supplement 1: 249-258
| VIRUS | PRINCIPAL VECTOR |
TAXONOMIC GROUP |
REFERENCEa |
| Avalon | Tick | Nairovirus | 12 |
| Bauline | Tick | Orbivirus | 11 |
| Bluetongue (type 11) | Midgeb | Orbivirus | 5 |
| Cache Valley | Mosquito | Bunyavirus | 8 |
| California encephalitis | Mosquito | Bunyavirus | 1 |
| Colorado tick fever | Tick | Orbivirus | 2, 6 |
| Eastern equine encephalitis | Mosquito | Togavirus | 17 |
| Epizootic hemorrhagic disease | Midge | Orbivirus | 4 |
| Flanders | Mosquito | Rhabdovirus | 9 |
| Great Island | Tick | Orbivirus | 11 |
| Jamestown Canyon | Mosquito 0 | Bunyavirus | 1 |
| Northway | Mosquito | Bunyavirus | 15 |
| Powassan | Tick | Flavivirus | 16 |
| Silverwater | Tick | Bunyavirus-like | 14 |
| Snowshoe Hare | Mosquito | Bunyavirus | 13 |
| St. Louis encephalitis | Mosquito | Flavivirus | 3 |
| Trivittatus | Mosquito | Bunyavirus | 18 |
| Turlock | Mosquito | Bunyavirus | 8 |
| Western equine encephalitis | Mosquito | Togavirus | 7 |
a References listed below
b Genus Culicoides
1 Artsob, H. Et al. 1985. Isolation of California encephalitis serotype from mosquitoes collected in Manitoba, Canada. Journal of the American MosquitoControl Association. 1: 257-258.
2 Brown, J.H. 1955. Colorado tick fever in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 33: 389-390.
3 Burton, A.N et al. 1973. Isolation of St. Louis encsphalitis and Cache Valley viruses from Saskatchewan mosquitoes. Canadian Journal of Public Health 64: 368-373.
4 Ditchfield, J., et al. 1964. The virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 29: 196-201.
5 Dulac, G.C. et al. 1988. Consecutive outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer and bluetongue. Veterinary Record 122: 340.
6 Eklund, C.M. et al. 1955. Distribution of Colorado tick fever and virus-carrying ticks. Journal of the American Medical Association 157:335-337.
7 Fulton, J.S. 1938. A report of two outbreaks of equine encephalomyelitis in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 2: 39-46.
8 Hall, R.R. et al. 1968. Isolation of Turlock virus and a member of the Bunyamwera group, probably Cache Valley virus, from Alberta mosquitoes.Canadian Journal of Public Health 59: 159-160.
9 Hall, R.R. et al. 1969. Arboviruses from Saskatchewan mosquitoes - isolation of a member of the Flanders-Hart Park group and of a strain as yet unidentified. Canadian Journal of Publich Health 60: 486-488.
10 Hoff, G.L. et al. 1969. Snowshoe hares and the California encephalitis virus group in Alberta, 1961-1968. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 5: 254-259.
11 Main, A.J. et al. 1973. Great Island and Bauline: two new Keremovo group viruses from Ixodes uriae in eastern Canada. Journal of Medical Entomology 10: 229-235.
12 Main, A.J. et al. 1976. Avalon and Clo Mor: two new Sakhalin group viruses from the north Atlantic. Journal of Medical Entomology 13: 309-315.
13 McKiel, J.A. et al. 1966. Viruses of the Californial encephalitis complex in indicator rabbits. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 15: 98-102.
14 McLean, D.M. 1961. Silverwater virus: characterization of virus isolated from ticks collected in eastern Canada. Federation Proceedings20: 443.
15 McLean, D.M. 1979. Arbovirus vectors in the Canadian arctic. In: Arctic and Tropical Arboviruses (E. Kurstak, ed.) Academic Press, New York. pp 7-19.
16 McLean, D.M. and Donohue, W.L. 1959. Powassan virus: isolation of virus from a fatal case of encephalitis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 80: 708-711.
17 Schofield, F.W. and Labzoffsky, N. 1938. Report on cases of suspected encephalomyelitis occurring in the vicinity of St. George. Report of the Ontario Department of Agriculture and Ontario Veterinary College 29: 25-29.
18 Thorsen, J. Et al. 1980. Virus isolations from mosquitoes in southern Ontario, 1976 and 1977. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 26: 436-440.